How long does it take to get to space? Short answer: A few minutes. Long answer: The semi-official “start of space” is 100 km above sea level. This is called the Kármán line, Most rockets get to this point within a few minutes of launch, but it takes longer to reach their final orbit (or other destination). The exact timing depends on the rocket and other factors. Here are a couple of examples:

Space Shuttle: Kármán line in 2½ minutes, orbit in 8½ minutes. SpaceX Falcon Heavy: Kármán line in 3½ minutes.

Notes:

It can take anywhere from 6 hours to 3 days to get to the International Space Station, depending on the spacecraft and mission profile. It took the Apollo astronauts about three days to get to the Moon. Although the Moon is much farther away than the ISS, the Apollo spacecraft travelled more directly and quickly.

TE AWAMUTU SPACE CENTRE | | | | : How long does it take to get to space?

How fast does it take to get to space?

NASA – Escape Velocity: Fun and Games Escape Velocity: Fun and Games

Did you ever watch a group of children playing “Red Rover?” Arms linked up for strength, they chant, “Red Rover, Red Rover, let Sally come over,” and Sally’s challenge is to break through that chain of linked arms. If she does it, Sally wins. Image to left: A Delta IV rocket launches at night.

Credit: NASA If Sally breaks through the chain of arms, she’s also demonstrated several key aspects to the space concept of escape velocity. Escape velocity (or a rousing game of Red Rover) requires an object to propel itself with enough speed and thrust to break through a barrier. Sally’s reward is the cheers of her teammates.

A spacecraft’s reward is a journey into space or orbit. Escape velocity is the speed at which an object must travel to break free of a planet or moon’s gravitational force and enter orbit. A spacecraft leaving the surface of Earth, for example, needs to be going about 11 kilometers (7 miles) per second, or over 40,000 kilometers per hour (25,000 miles per hour), to enter orbit.

Achieving escape velocity is one of the biggest challenges facing space travel. The vehicle requires an enormous amount of fuel to break through Earth’s gravitational pull. All that fuel adds significant weight to the spacecraft, and when an object is heavier, it takes more thrust to lift it.

1. To create more thrust, you need more fuel.
2. It’s a cycle that scientists are hoping to resolve by creating lighter vehicles, more efficient fuels and new methods of propulsion that don’t require the same ingredients to attain great speeds.
3. Image to right: A Saturn V rocket is prepared for launch.
4. Credit: NASA That cycle of speed, fuel and weight was a primary reason the Saturn V rocket that took the first astronauts to the Moon was so large.

It required such enormous quantities of fuel to break free of the Earth’s gravitational pull that a vehicle of this size was the only workable solution. The Space Shuttle in use now is much smaller, but it doesn’t have nearly as far to travel or nearly as much gravitational force to overcome.

Image to right: This illustration shows possible orbital paths. Credit: NASA In astronomy, the term orbit refers to the path of an object whose motion through space is controlled by the gravitational pull of another object. The Moon orbits the Earth, and the Earth, in turn, orbits the Sun.

Image to right: This illustration shows a parabola and a hyperbola. Credit: NASA Using Sally’s “Red Rover” game as an example, think how much more easily she could break through the chain if she approached the line on turbo-charged roller skates or if she had a spear-shaped battering ram in front of her.

How long is 1 hour in space?

How long is 7 years on Earth in space? – The story is that 1 hour on that particular planet is equivalent to 7 years in space. Time dilation is real, but it’s completely unrealistic that it would have an effect anywhere near that in any realistic scenario. In practice, it’s a tiny fraction of a second, not many years.

How far until you get into space?

Background – We often think of space as being very far away. Planets are many millions or even billions of miles away, and stars are so far away that their distances are measured in light years. (A light year is the distance light travels in a year and is equal to six trillion miles.) Yet the edge of space – or the point where we consider spacecraft and astronauts to have entered space, known as the Von Karman Line – is only 62 miles (100 kilometers) above sea level. An image taken in October 2018 shows the International Space Station flying above Earth. Credit: NASA | › Full image and caption

How long is 1 years in space?

1 year in space is 1 year on Earth. Just being in space does not affect time. Relative difference in speed affects time, and that difference must be a significant percentage of the speed of light.

Does it take 3 days to get to space?

How long does it take to get to space? Short answer: A few minutes. Long answer: The semi-official “start of space” is 100 km above sea level. This is called the Kármán line, Most rockets get to this point within a few minutes of launch, but it takes longer to reach their final orbit (or other destination). The exact timing depends on the rocket and other factors. Here are a couple of examples:

Space Shuttle: Kármán line in 2½ minutes, orbit in 8½ minutes. SpaceX Falcon Heavy: Kármán line in 3½ minutes.

Notes:

It can take anywhere from 6 hours to 3 days to get to the International Space Station, depending on the spacecraft and mission profile. It took the Apollo astronauts about three days to get to the Moon. Although the Moon is much farther away than the ISS, the Apollo spacecraft travelled more directly and quickly.

TE AWAMUTU SPACE CENTRE | | | | : How long does it take to get to space?

How long is one day in space?

Therefore the solar day on the ISS is considerably shorter than the earth day at just over 90 minutes in duration. Put another way crew members on the ISS experience a either a sunrise or a sunset roughly every 45 minutes.

Why is 1 hour 7 years in space?

Neil deGrasse Tyson Breaks Down ‘Interstellar’: Black Holes, Time Dilations, and Massive Waves “My films are always held to a weirdly high standard,” filmmaker Christopher Nolan The Daily Beast. It is, however, a high compliment for a blockbuster space odyssey like Interstellar to earn the right to be analyzed on a scientific level; after all, films like Star Wars and Star Trek are never held up to such scrutiny.

Nolan’s Interstellar invites scientific critiques via the participation of theoretical physicist Kip Thorne, who not only served as a script advisor and executive producer on the film, but also released a companion tome,, explaining the heady concepts employed in the movie. For the uninitiated, the film is set on a future Earth whose crops (save corn) have been wiped out by a mysterious blight.

A farmer and ex-astronaut, Cooper (Matthew McConaughey), is tasked with leading a NASA mission through a wormhole to another galaxy in order to investigate three potentially inhabitable planets for colonization. The first planet they land on is close to a supermassive black hole, dubbed Gargantuan, whose gravitational pull causes massive waves on the planet that toss their spacecraft about.

Its proximity to the black hole also causes an extreme time dilation, where one hour on the distant planet equals 7 years on Earth. On the second planet, they encounter a marooned astronaut named Dr. Mann, and a fistfight ensues. And the rest, well, I’ll leave that to you to see for yourself. To wrap our heads around the science of Interstellar, The Daily Beast reached out to renowned astrophysicist and cosmologist, who also serves as the director of the Hayden Planetarium at the American Museum of Natural History and host of the Fox series Cosmos: A Spacetime Odyssey, to help break down many of the hotly debated scenes in the film.

On Twitter, you the way Interstellar handled Einstein’s Relativity of Time and Curvature of Space. No other film has given as much attention to these topics, and done it so thoroughly. What I should have mentioned is that in the original Planet of the Apes, there’s an Einsteinian time-shift where the Earth astronauts move very far into the future, so Earth went way past the age of humans while they were still themselves.

That wasn’t a running premise of the movie, whereas in Interstellar, there’s a constant reminder that the Relativity of Time is a phenomenon to be reckoned with, thought about, and resolved. And the chalkboards in the film with the field equations are legit. Someone put thought into it. It’s the same with the TV series The Big Bang Theory,

When they show the chalkboard, it’s always relevant to the theme of that particular show. In The Guardian, Dr. Roberto Trotta, a senior lecturer in astrophysics at Imperial College London, the “retro rockets” on their spaceship, Endurance, were too small since you’d need “a lot of fuel” to make their galactic voyage.

• Well, a couple of things.
• I’m a fan of Mark Twain for many reasons, and very high on the list is, “First get your facts, then you can distort them at your leisure.” If they have a ship, and it’s obviously a ship we don’t have today, and this movie obviously takes place in the future, and this ship is obviously more advanced than anything we have or have dreamt up, and they have to get through a wormhole, they don’t have to just use engines to get across the galaxy.

I’m OK with that. They’re in a ship, it’s in the future, so get over it and move on! I’d also add that if you’re traveling long distances and know which direction you’re headed, you don’t use fuel to get there. You use fuel to give you the proper velocity and direction, and then you turn off your fuel tanks and coast there.

That’s how we got to the moon—there was the launch to get us into orbit, and then the TLI (trans-lunar injection) got us out of earth’s orbit and to the moon. You also seem to be fond of the way the film treated gravity—as opposed to your reservations about the film Gravity, They clearly gave attention to the circumstances under which they were in zero-g, or transitioning to 1 g with the rotating space platform that they used.

It’s not different from what they did in 2001, where they spent a lot of attention on how you would transition from zero-g to 1 g. Because they spend so much attention, it gives you the right to find places where they might have messed up. In 2001, there’s a point in zero-g where he’s sipping liquid through a straw, and then he pulls his lips from the straw and liquid sinks back down the straw into the container—which wouldn’t happen in zero-g. Can there actually be massive tidal waves like the one we saw on the first planet they visited? Initially, I thought, “OK, they have to throw in a wave that looks gratuitous.” My second thought was, “Well, if it’s a tsunami, the wave actually needs water to be the wave, and they would see the water rush from around their ankles to feed this wave as it came by.” That’s how you know to run.

In this, I would later figure out that both of those concerns were unfounded. The planet is deep in the gravitational well of a black hole, and the black hole would surely have very high tidal forces. Also, a “tidal wave” is misnamed—it’s actually a “bulge” of water fixed in space. The bulge is always oriented in the same configuration in space, so you on the solid planet rotate in and out of that bulge.

You interpret it as a wave coming towards you and away from you, but what actually happens is you’re rotating from a high tide part of the water to a low tide part of the water. The fact that the waves came every hour or so meant that the planet rotates once ever two of those—because you have two high tides for every rotation.

• If I were to say that there was something unrealistic about that, it was how spiky the wave was.
• A tidal bulge would be smoother than that, and they would just rise up, float over the top, and rise back down the way a duck floats up and down as a wave goes under it.
• This is where they’re taking dramatic liberties to turn the wave into something more menacing, and I don’t have a problem with that.

The time dilation on that planet—one hour equals 7 Earth years—seems extreme. To get that, you’d apparently need to be at the event horizon of a black hole. Yes. You can calculate where you must be to have that level of time dilation, and it’s extreme. Here’s another case of, “First get your facts, then you can distort them at your leisure.” The straight facts are you’re in the vicinity of a black hole and time goes more slowly, then you mess with that to create dramatic elements for the storytelling.

1. I don’t have a problem with that.
2. In Titanic, when I criticized the night sky it was because there was no night sky at all—it wasn’t even a real night sky, so that failed my Mark Twain criteria.
3. Would Endurance even be able to fly that close to a supermassive black hole without being disintegrated by the force of it? There’s a regular black hole, which is the end state of a high-mass star, which is a relatively small, planet-sized black hole.

Then, you have supermassive black holes that are in the center of galaxies and are huge—typically the size of entire solar systems. If you don’t want to be ripped apart by the tidal forces of a black hole, you’d need to move in and around a supermassive black hole, because the larger a black hole is, the shallower the tidal forces.

1. So, a supermassive black hole would have very shallow tidal forces and likely would not rip you apart if you came near it or descended past the event horizon.
2. It’s the stellar mass black holes that would rip you apart if you got too close.
3. In this case, it’s also the stellar mass black holes that would raise the tide so high on the planet.

This is where you take some cinematic liberties—you want the drama of the wave, and you get that on a lower black hole, but you want to survive the experience for having been near it. So, there are some liberties taken there. What did you think of the fistfight sequence between Cooper and Mann on the second planet? Well, I would’ve thought they were smart enough, mature enough, and emotioned enough that the likelihood of a fistfight on a distant planet would be extremely remote.

We know guys get in fights, but most guys most of the time do not get into fights, so you’d think that being a distant planet would be one of those cases where you do not get into a fight. It’s not like on Star Wars in the bar scene where it breaks into a gunfight where Han shot first. You’re on a freaking planet! I thought it was gratuitous and I’m not sure what it contributed to the plot, but I didn’t really understand the plot.

You’d need someone to write another book for that. They also probably wouldn’t need to send people down to the planets, would they? Couldn’t they just send telescopes or robots? Well, I thought they had originally sent robots and that was a conversation that was held? I’m not trying to make excuses for the film, but as I understood it, they did not know which planet they would go to until they came out on the other side of the wormhole, and that’s not a decision a robot could make because you’re not communicating with the robot through the wormhole.

So, humans had to be there to make that judgment once they got across and got the extra data. Can Cooper actually float through a black hole in his spacesuit, like he does in the film? Would he be destroyed by gamma radiation? It’s likely that most black holes have no accompanying radiation coming out of them.

The ones we see have extraordinary spiraling gas working its way down to the center of the abyss, and you see those when it’s a black hole that has a companion star that’s getting flayed by the source of gravity, and typically, when the companion star swells up to become a red giant and overfills its Roche lobe, which is an envelope around a star beyond which if any of its material drifts past that envelope, its susceptible to falling somewhere else within that orbiting system.

1. So, only when you have spiraling matter down do you get these ferocious, black hole jets.
2. But a star that becomes a black hole all by itself? There’s no reason to think anything harmful would be in its vicinity at all.
3. So he could float through it entirely.
4. The trick would be to go through a black hole and somehow emerge through a wormhole that’s been established that we don’t know how to make, or sustain.

That’s where the science “fiction” comes in. How about the way the film treated the fifth dimension? Oh, it was awesome. If you go to a higher dimension than our own, it’s entirely allowed to suppose that you have access to your time dimension. Right now, we have access to our three spatial dimensions, so you can occupy any position within your three-dimensional spatial coordinates at any time.

In time, we are prisoners of the present forever prevented from accessing our past, or our future. If you go to a higher dimension, its not unrealistic to imagine that your entire timeline would be laid out in front of you no differently than the way our space dimensions are laid out in front of us now, so that you can occupy any point from birth to death in your own timeline.

In the tesseract as they call it, which is just a higher-dimensional space system—the tesseract actually has a very specific meaning mathematically, but ever since the Thor films and The Avengers series, “tesseract” is any access you’re going to have to a higher dimension and I’m fine with that.

• It’s a fresh word to most members of the public, so why not give it a fresh definition? So, he has access to his entire timeline, and it was up to the visualizers to visualize it in some way that it might be.
• Every direction he looked, time continued infinitely in that direction—and every direction.
• Every place he floated was that corridor.

It would take you a pretty long time to relay a quantum equation to save the planet via Morse Code, though. Yeah. One issue I had was that he must have known his library really well to be able to identify the first letters of the names of each book from the back—from the page side, rather than the binding side—to be able to poke the books out.

• That showed extraordinary memory, and I don’t know any one of us who’d have that talent.
• And if he can control matter in that dimension, just write down, “Hey, it’s Dad here—I’ve traveled back in time and tell me to not go the hell on this trip!” If he does have access through his daughter’s room through this tesseract, do more than shove books off the shelves.

Heck, write a book and put it on the shelf! : Neil deGrasse Tyson Breaks Down ‘Interstellar’: Black Holes, Time Dilations, and Massive Waves

How cold is the space?

Far outside our solar system and out past the distant reaches of our galaxy —in the vast nothingness of space—the distance between gas and dust particles grows, limiting their ability to transfer heat. Temperatures in these vacuous regions can plummet to about -455 degrees Fahrenheit (2.7 kelvin).

• Are you shivering yet? But understanding how cold is space, and why the vacuum of space is this cold, is complicated.
• For physicists, knowing what the temperature in space is is all about velocity and motion.
• When we talk about the temperature in a room, that’s not the way a scientist would talk about it,” Jim Sowell, an astronomer at the Georgia Institute of Technology, tells Popular Mechanics,

“We would use the expression ‘heat’ to define the speeds of all the particles in a given volume.” ⚠️ Most scientists use the kelvin instead of Fahrenheit to describe extremely cold temperatures, so we’ll be doing that here, too. Most, if not all of the heat in the universe comes from stars like our sun,

• Inside the sun, where nuclear fusion occurs, temperatures can swell to 15 million kelvin.
• On the surface, they only reach up to about 5,800 kelvin.) The heat that leaves the sun and other stars travels across space as infrared waves of energy called solar radiation.
• These solar rays only heat the particles in their path, so anything not directly in view of the sun stays cool.

Like, really cool. At night, the surface of even the closest planet to the sun, Mercury, drops to about 95 kelvin. Pluto’s surface temperature reaches about 40 kelvin. Coincidentally, the lowest temperature ever recorded in our solar system was clocked much closer to home.

Do you age slower in space?

Previous research has shown that spending time in space causes bone density loss, immune dysfunction, cardiovascular issues such as stiffening of arteries, and loss of skeletal muscle mass and strength in both humans and rodent models. These changes resemble aging in people age on Earth, but happen more quickly.

What is above Earth in space?

Regions near the Earth – A computer-generated image mapping the prevalence of artificial satellites and space debris around Earth in geosynchronous and low Earth orbit Near-Earth space is the region of outer space above the Kármán line, from low Earth orbits out to geostationary orbits,

This region includes the major orbits for artificial satellites and is the site of most of humanity’s space activity. The region has seen high levels of space pollution, mainly in the form of space debris, threatening any space activity in this region. Geospace is a region of outer space near Earth that includes the upper atmosphere and magnetosphere,

The Van Allen radiation belts lie within the geospace. The outer boundary of geospace is the magnetopause, which forms an interface between the Earth’s magnetosphere and the solar wind. The inner boundary is the ionosphere, The variable space-weather conditions of geospace are affected by the behavior of the Sun and the solar wind; the subject of geospace is interlinked with heliophysics —the study of the Sun and its impact on the planets of the Solar System. Aurora australis observed from the International Space Station Geospace is populated by electrically charged particles at very low densities, the motions of which are controlled by the Earth’s magnetic field, These plasmas form a medium from which storm-like disturbances powered by the solar wind can drive electrical currents into the Earth’s upper atmosphere.

1. Geomagnetic storms can disturb two regions of geospace, the radiation belts and the ionosphere.
2. These storms increase fluxes of energetic electrons that can permanently damage satellite electronics, interfering with shortwave radio communication and GPS location and timing.
3. Magnetic storms can also be a hazard to astronauts, even in low Earth orbit.

They create aurorae seen at high latitudes in an oval surrounding the geomagnetic poles, Although it meets the definition of outer space, the atmospheric density within the first few hundred kilometers above the Kármán line is still sufficient to produce significant drag on satellites, Earth and the Moon as seen from cislunar space Translunar space is the region of lunar transfer orbits, between the Moon and Earth. Cislunar space is a region outside of Earth that includes lunar orbit, the Moon’s orbital space around Earth and the Lagrange points,

XGeo space is a concept used by the US to refer to space of High Earth Orbits, ranging from beyond geosynchronous orbit (GEO) at approximately 35,786 km (22,236 mi), out to the L2 Earth-Moon Lagrange point at 448,900 km (278,934 mi). This is located beyond the orbit of the Moon and therefore includes cislunar space.

The region where Earth’s gravity well remains dominant against gravitational perturbations from the Sun is the planet’s Hill sphere, This includes all space from the Earth to a distance of roughly 1% of the mean distance from Earth to the Sun, or 1.5 million km (0.93 million mi).

Beyond Earth’s Hill sphere extends along Earth’s orbital path its orbital and co-orbital space. This space is co-populated by groups of co-orbital Near-Earth Objects (NEOs), such as horseshoe librators and Earth trojans, with some NEOs at times becoming temporary satellites and quasi-moons to Earth.

Deep space is defined by the United States government as region of space beyond low-Earth orbit, including cislunar space. Others vary the starting point from beyond cislunar space to beyond the solar system. The International Telecommunication Union responsible for radio communication, including with satellites, defines the beginning of deep space at 2 million km (1.2 million mi), which is about five times the Moon’s orbital distance,

How high up is space?

So, how is “space” currently defined? – Broadly, most experts say that space starts at the point where orbital dynamic forces become more important than aerodynamic forces, or where the atmosphere alone is not enough to support a flying vessel at suborbital speeds,

• Historically, it’s been difficult to pin that point at a particular altitude.
• In the 1900s, Hungarian physicist Theodore von Kármán determined the boundary to be around 50 miles up, or roughly 80 kilometers above sea level.
• Today, though, the Kármán line is set at what NOAA calls ” an imaginary boundary ” that’s 62 miles up, or roughly a hundred kilometers above sea level.

The Federation Aeronautique Internationale (FAI), which keeps track of standards and records in astronautics and aeronautics, also defines space as beginning a hundred kilometers up. It is, after all, a nice round number. But the Federal Aviation Administration, the U.S.

Why is space infinite?

Tanya Hill, Astronomer – yes – There’s a limit to how much of the universe we can see. The observable universe is finite in that it hasn’t existed forever. It extends 46 billion light years in every direction from us. (While our universe is 13.8 billion years old, the observable universe reaches further since the universe is expanding).

The observable universe is centred on us. An alien in a galaxy far away would have its own observable universe. While there may be some overlap, they would inevitably see regions we can’t see. Therefore, it’s not possible to see if the universe is finite, because we can’t see it all. Instead, we can tackle this question by exploring the universe’s shape.

While we don’t know the shape of all space, we do know our part of space is flat. This means two rockets flying parallel on cruise control will always remain parallel. Because space isn’t curved they will never meet or drift away from each other. A flat universe could be infinite: imagine a 2D piece of paper that stretches out forever.

1. But it could also be finite: imagine taking a piece of paper, making a cylinder and joining the ends to make a torus (doughnut) shape.
2. Therein lies the problem.
3. Additionally, there are many ways the universe could have been curved, but instead we live in a region of flat space.
4. This is a very specific condition and we use a theory called “inflation” to explain it.

Inflation is the idea that very early on the universe rapidly expanded for a brief moment, smoothing out all the kinks and curvatures in our part of space. After inflation, the universe grew to what we see today. But it’s possible inflation didn’t just seed our universe.

Do humans age faster in space?

Time can appear to move faster or slower to us relative to others in a different part of space-time. That means astronauts on the International Space Station get to age just a tiny bit slower than people on Earth. Astronauts on long missions “may be vulnerable to unique stressors that can impact human aging,” a study found.

Loading Something is loading. Thanks for signing up! Access your favorite topics in a personalized feed while you’re on the go. Time feels like one of the only constants in life — it passes day after day at the same pace. Then Albert Einstein had to go and ruin that for us.

We’ve all heard the phrase that “time is relative,” but it can be difficult to wrap the mind around what that actually means. The phrase came from Einstein’s Theory of Relativity that joined space and time and created the idea of a fabric that permeates the whole universe: “space-time.” We all measure our experience in space-time differently.

That’s because space-time isn’t flat — it’s curved, and it can be warped by matter and energy. So depending on our position and speed, time can appear to move faster or slower to us relative to others in a different part of space-time. And for astronauts on the International Space Station, that means they get to age just a tiny bit slower than people on Earth. Public Domain The phenomenon is called ” gravitational time dilation,” In a nutshell it just means time moves slower as gravity increases. That’s why time passes slower for objects closer to the center of the Earth where the gravity is stronger. That doesn’t mean you could spend your life in a basement, just to outlive the rest of us here on the surface.

A watch strapped to your ankle will eventually fall behind one strapped to your wrist.Your head technically ages more quickly than your feet.Time passes faster for people living on a mountain than those living at sea level.

Time gets even weirder though. The second factor is something called “relative velocity time dilation” where time moves slower as you move faster. The classic example of this is the twin scenario. One twin blasts off in a spaceship traveling close to the speed of light, and one twin stays behind on Earth.

When the space-traveling twin returns to Earth, she’s only aged a couple years, but she’s shocked to find that her Earth-bound sister has aged over a decade. Of course no one has performed that experiment in real life, but there’s evidence that it’s real. When scientists launched an atomic clock into orbit and back — while keeping an identical clock here on Earth — it returned running ever so slightly behind the Earth-bound clock.

Then time gets even more complicated because gravitational time dilation and relative velocity time dilation can happen at the same time. A good way to think about it is to consider the astronauts living on the International Space Station. Currently, an international crew of seven live and work aboard the ISS, orbiting Earth about every 90 minutes, according to NASA.

They’re floating about 260 miles above, where Earth’s gravitational pull is weaker than it is at the surface. That means time should speed up for them relative to people on the ground. But the space station is also whizzing around Earth at about nearly five miles per second. That means time should also slow down for the astronauts relative to people on the surface.

You’d think that might even out, but actually their velocity time dilation has a bigger effect than their gravitational time dilation, so astronauts end up aging slower than people on Earth. The difference isn’t noticeable though — after spending six months on the ISS, astronauts have aged about 0.005 seconds less than the rest of us.

• That means that when former NASA astronaut Scott Kelly returned home in 2016 from his history-making, year-long stay on the ISS, he technically was 0.01 second younger than his twin astronaut brother — and now US senator — Mark Kelly who stayed on Earth.
• So the next time you find yourself wishing the weekend would last longer, stay low to the ground and move really fast.

It won’t feel like your weekend got any longer, but technically you may gain a teeny, tiny fraction of a fraction of a second. Remember, time is relative.

Do you age the same in space?

Does Space Travel Make People Age More Slowly? – UC Berkeley Public Health Training on the simulated martian terrain of Mars-500. Scientists have recently observed for the first time that, on an epigenetic level, astronauts age more slowly during long-term simulated space travel than they would have if their feet had been planted on Planet Earth. Jamaji Nwanaji-Enwerem “Many of us assume that being exposed to radiation or other harm in space would be reflected by increased aging. But there’s also been a lot of research that has shown the opposite,” said Jamaji C. Nawanaji-Enwerem, Berkeley Public Health postdoctoral fellow and first author of a study published in Cell Reports in November 2020.

• The study reviewed data from the six participants of the Mars-500 mission, a simulated space travel and residence experiment launched by the European Space Agency in 2010.
• In space, people usually experience environmental stressors like microgravity, cosmic radiation, and social isolation, which can all impact aging.

Studies on long-term space travel often measure aging biomarkers such as telomere length and heartbeat rates, not epigenetic aging. To fill in the gap, Nawanaji-Enwerem and his team members took the novel step to look at epigenetic biomarkers such as DNAmPhenoAge, a robust marker of disease risk, and DNAmGrimAGE, a predictor of mortality risk. Professor Andres Cardenas “It also informs future research in terms of what biomarkers of aging are important to measure,” said, study co-author and assistant professor of Environmental Health Sciences at Berkeley Public Health. During the Mars-500 experiment, six astronaut crews stayed in an isolated space and lived as if they were on Mars for 520 days.

Although it’s not clear why space travel would lead to slower epigenetic aging, the findings will be valuable for understanding the health implications for future space travel.”It’s not if, but when, we’re going to transition to space living,” said Cardenas.

: Does Space Travel Make People Age More Slowly? – UC Berkeley Public Health

How long is 1 minute in space?

How is 1 hour in space equal to 7 years on Earth? – How is 1 hour in space equal to 7 years on Earth?The first planet they land on is close to a supermassive black hole, dubbed Gargantuan, whose gravitational pull causes massive waves on the planet that toss their spacecraft about.

1. Its proximity to the black hole also causes an extreme time dilation, where one hour on the distant planet equals 7 years on Earth.
2. The clocks in space tick more slowly than clocks on Earth., HENCE COVERING LESS TIME AS COMPARED TO EARTH IN THE SAME DURATION.
3. Thus, upon calculation we find that one hour on Earth is equivalent to seven years in space.

It is defined as the distance that light travels in free space in one second, and is equal to exactly 299,792,458 metres (983,571,056 ft). Do you age faster in space?Flying through outer space has dramatic effects on the body, and people in space experience aging at a faster rate than people on Earth.

Is Mars a one way trip?

The problems with calculating travel times to Mars – The problem with the previous calculations is that they measure the distance between the two planets as a straight line. Traveling through the farthest passing of Earth and Mars would involve a trip directly through the sun, while spacecraft must of necessity move in orbit around the solar system’s star.

Although this isn’t a problem for the closest approach, when the planets are on the same side of the sun, another problem exists. The numbers also assume that the two planets remain at a constant distance; that is, when a probe is launched from Earth while the two planets are at the closest approach, Mars would remain the same distance away over the length of time it took the probe to travel.

Related: A brief history of Mars missions In reality, however, the planets are moving at different rates during their orbits around the sun. Engineers must calculate the ideal orbits for sending a spacecraft from Earth to Mars. Like throwing a dart at a moving target from a moving vehicle, they must calculate where the planet will be when the spacecraft arrives, not where it is when it leaves Earth.

1. It’s also not possible to travel as fast as you can possibly go if your aim is to eventually orbit your target planet.
2. Spacecraft need to arrive slow enough to be able to perform orbit insertion maneuvers and not just zip straight past their intended destination.
3. The travel time to Mars also depends on the technological developments of propulsion systems.

According to NASA Goddard Space Flight Center’s website, the ideal lineup for a launch to Mars would get you to the planet in roughly nine months. The website quotes physics professor Craig C. Patten, of the University of California, San Diego: “It takes the Earth one year to orbit the sun and it takes Mars about 1.9 years (say 2 years for easy calculation) to orbit the sun.

The elliptical orbit which carries you from Earth to Mars is longer than Earth’s orbit but shorter than Mars’ orbit. Accordingly, we can estimate the time it would take to complete this orbit by averaging the lengths of Earth’s orbit and Mars’ orbit. Therefore, it would take about one and a half years to complete the elliptical orbit.

“In the nine months it takes to get to Mars, Mars moves a considerable distance around in its orbit, about three-eighths of the way around the sun. You have to plan to make sure that by the time you reach the distance of Mar’s orbit, Mars is where you need it to be! Practically, this means that you can only begin your trip when Earth and Mars are properly lined up.

• This only happens every 26 months.
• That is, there is only one launch window every 26 months.” The trip could be shortened by burning more fuel — a process not ideal with today’s technology, Patten said.
• Evolving technology can help to shorten the flight.
• NASA’s Space Launch System (SLS) will be the new workhorse for carrying upcoming missions, and potentially humans, to the red planet.

SLS is currently being constructed and tested, with NASA now targeting a launch in March or April 2022 for its Artemis 1 flight, the first flight of its SLS rocket. Robotic spacecraft could one day make the trip in only three days. Photon propulsion would rely on a powerful laser to accelerate spacecraft to velocities approaching the speed of light.

Philip Lubin, a physics professor at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and his team are working on Directed Energy Propulsion for Interstellar Exploration (DEEP-IN). The method could propel a 220-lb. (100 kilograms) robotic spacecraft to Mars in only three days, he said. “There are recent advances which take this from science fiction to science reality,” Lubin said at the 2015 NASA Innovative Advanced Concepts (NIAC) fall symposium,

“There’s no known reason why we cannot do this.”

How long is 365 days in space?

The Science of Leap Year In 2020, February gets an extra day. Instead of 28 days, this year February will have 29 days. Almost everyone if familiar with the concept of leap year, but the reasoning behind it is a little complicated. For example, most people believe that leap year occurs once every four years, but that’s not always the case.

• What’s going on and why do we have leap year? A calendar year is typically 365 days long.
• These so called “common years” loosely define the number of days it takes the Earth to complete one orbit around the Sun.
• But 365 is actually a rounded number.
• It takes Earth 365.242190 days to orbit the Sun, or 365 days 5 hours 48 minutes and 56 seconds.

This “sidereal” year is slightly longer than the calendar year, and that extra 5 hours 48 minutes and 56 seconds needs to be accounted for somehow. If we didn’t account for this extra time, the seasons would begin to drift. This would be annoying if not devasting, because over a period of about 700 years our summers, which we’ve come to expect in June in the northern hemisphere, would begin to occur in December! By adding an extra day every four years, our calendar years stay adjusted to the sidereal year, but that’s not quite right either.

• Some simple math will show that over four years the difference between the calendar years and the sidereal year is not exactly 24 hours.
• Instead, it’s 23.262222 hours.
• Rounding strikes again! By adding a leap day every four years, we actually make the calendar longer by over 44 minutes.
• Over time, these extra 44+ minutes would also cause the seasons to drift in our calendar.

For this reason, not every four years is a leap year. The rule is that if the year is divisible by 100 and not divisible by 400, leap year is skipped. The year 2000 was a leap year, for example, but the years 1700, 1800, and 1900 were not. The next time a leap year will be skipped is the year 2100.

And why is it called “leap year?” Well, a common year is 52 weeks and 1 day long. That means that if your birthday were to occur on a Monday one year, the next year it should occur on a Tuesday. However, the addition of an extra day during a leap year means that your birthday now “leaps” over a day. Instead of your birthday occurring on a Tuesday as it would following a common year, during a leap year, your birthday “leaps” over Tuesday and will now occur on a Wednesday.

And if you happen to be born on leap day February 29, that doesn’t mean you only celebrate a birthday every four years. Every three years, you get to celebrate your birthday on March 1 and continue to grow old like the rest of us. Thanks to leap year, our seasons will always occur when we expect them to occur, and our calendar year will match the Earth’s sidereal year.

Is there people in space right now?

As of July 21, 2023 there are 10 people currently living and working in space. –

How long was a day 2000 years ago?

In Earth’s early history, a day was 23.5 hours and a year lasted 372 days When dinosaurs walked the Earth, days on our planet were a little bit shorter than the full 24 hours we know today. Earth turned more quickly, meaning that a day lasted about 23.5 hours and a year equated to 372 days, according to a new study.

1. Researchers discovered this fact from a surprising resource: ancient shells, dated to the Late Cretaceous period 70 million years ago.
2. The fossilized mollusk shell belonged to a group called rudist clams, which grew quickly and recorded their lives in daily growth rings visible in the shells.
3. These specific clams were known as Torreites sanchezi and rudist means that they have two shells, with a hinge connecting them.

Laser sampling produced slices of the shells, allowing the researchers to get an accurate count of the rings. That let them know how many days there were in a year, allowing for the breakdown of how long a day would be. The study published this week in the journal, which is published by the America Geophysical Union.

“We have about four to five data points per day, and this is something that you almost never get in geological history. We can basically look at a day 70 million years ago. It’s pretty amazing,” said Niels de Winter, lead study author and analytical geochemist at Vrije Universiteit Brussel. We’ve long known that an Earth day lasts 24 hours, and that remains constant because Earth’s trip around the sun doesn’t vary.

However, the number of days that make an Earth year have shifted and shortened because days have grown longer. That is thanks to the moon’s gravity, which draws on ocean’s tides and slows Earth’s rate of rotation. Meanwhile, as the moon tugs on Earth, our natural satellite distances itself about 1.5 inches per year from Earth.

• The ancient shell also contained information about the environment the clams lived in.
• Shell data revealed that oceans during the Late Cretaceous 70 million years ago were much warmer than they are now, reaching 104 degrees Fahrenheit in the summer and above 86 degrees Fahrenheit in the winter.
• The maximum temperature would have about reached the limit for mollusks like clams, the researchers said.

But these clams enjoyed temperatures that were warmer than today’s oceans. The particular clam they studied lived for more than nine years, situated in a shallow tropical seabed. Today, this is dry land in Oman. Rudist clams are unique looking, described in a release by AGU as resembling “tall pint glasses with lids shaped like bear claw pastries.” Like oysters, the clams thrived in reef environments.

1. And in their day, they acted like coral, building and growing together.
2. Rudists are quite special bivalves.
3. There’s nothing like it living today,” de Winter said.
4. In the Late Cretaceous especially, worldwide most of the reef builders are these bivalves.
5. So they really took on the ecosystem building role that the corals have nowadays.” And they loved sunlight.

Their shells grew faster during the day in response to sunlight. The researchers believe this means that like modern giant clams, which are covered in algae, these clams were similarly supporting a symbiotic species. But the clams were wiped out 66 million years ago, just like the dinosaurs.

How long is 1 second in space?

The light-second is a unit of length useful in astronomy, telecommunications and relativistic physics. It is defined as the distance that light travels in free space in one second, and is equal to exactly 299,792,458 metres (983,571,056 ft).

How long is 1 year?

Astronomical years and dates – In the Julian calendar, a year contains either 365 or 366 days, and the average is 365.25 calendar days. Astronomers have adopted the term Julian year to denote an interval of 365.25 d, or 31,557,600 s, The corresponding Julian century equals 36,525 d.

1. For convenience in specifying events separated by long intervals, astronomers use Julian dates (JD) in accordance with a system proposed in 1583 by the French classical scholar Joseph Scaliger and named in honour of his father, Julius Caesar Scaliger,
2. In this system days are numbered consecutively from 0.0, which is identified as Greenwich mean noon of the day assigned the date January 1, 4713 bc, by reckoning back according to the Julian calendar,

The modified Julian date (MJD), defined by the equation MJD = JD – 2,400,000.5, begins at midnight rather than noon and, for the 20th and 21st centuries, is expressed by a number with fewer digits. For example, Greenwich mean noon of November 14, 1981 (Gregorian calendar date), corresponds to JD 2,444,923.0; the preceding midnight occurred at JD 2,444,922.5 and MJD 44,922.0.

How long does it take to get to Pluto?

How Long Does It Take to Get to Pluto? It’s a long way out to the dwarf planet Pluto. So, just how fast could we get there? Pluto, the Dwarf planet, is an incomprehensibly long distance away. Seriously, it’s currently more than 5 billion kilometers away from Earth.

It challenges the imagination that anyone could ever travel that kind of distance, and yet, NASA’s New Horizons has been making the journey, and it’s going to arrive there July, 2015. You may have just heard about this news. And I promise you, when New Horizons makes its close encounter, it’s going to be everywhere.

So let me give you the advanced knowledge on just how amazing this journey is, and what it would take to cross this enormous gulf in the Solar System. Pluto travels on a highly elliptical orbit around the Sun. At its closest point, known as “perihelion”, Pluto is only 4.4 billion kilometers out.

That’s nearly 30 AU, or 30 times the distance from the Earth to the Sun. Pluto last reached this point on September 5th, 1989. At its most distant point, known as “aphelion”, Pluto reaches a distance of 7.3 billion kilometers, or 49 AU. This will happen on August 23, 2113. I know, these numbers seem incomprehensible and lose their meaning.

So let me give you some context. Light itself takes 4.6 hours to travel from the Earth to Pluto. If you wanted to send a signal to Pluto, it would take 4.6 hours for your transmission to reach Pluto, and then an additional 4.6 hours for their message to return to us.

• Let’s talk spacecraft.
• When New Horizons blasted off from Earth, it was going 58,000 km/h.
• Just for comparison, astronauts in orbit are merely jaunting along at 28,000 km/h.
• That’s its speed going away from the Earth.
• When you add up the speed of the Earth, New Horizons was moving away from the Sun at a blistering 160,000 km/h.

Unfortunately, the pull of gravity from the Sun slowed New Horizons down. By the time it reached Jupiter, it was only going 68,000 km/h. It was able to steal a little velocity from Jupiter and crank its speed back up to 83,000 km/h. When it finally reaches Pluto, it’ll be going about 50,000 km/h.

1. So how long did this journey take? Artist’s conception of the New Horizons spacecraft at Pluto.
2. Credit: Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Southwest Research Institute (JHUAPL/SwRI) New Horizons launched on January 19, 2006, and it’ll reach Pluto on July 14, 2015.
3. Do a little math and you’ll find that it has taken 9 years, 5 months and 25 days.

The Voyager spacecraft did the distance between Earth and Pluto in about 12.5 years, although, neither spacecraft actually flew past Pluto. And the Pioneer spacecraft completed the journey in about 11 years. Could you get to Pluto faster? Absolutely. With a more powerful rocket, and a lighter spacecraft payload, you could definitely shave down the flight time.

1. But there are a couple of problems.
2. Rockets are expensive, coincidentally bigger rockets are super expensive.
3. The other problem is that getting to Pluto faster means that it’s harder to do any kind of science once you reach the dwarf planet.
4. New Horizons made the fastest journey to Pluto, but it’s also going to fly past the planet at 50,000 km/h.

That’s less time to take high resolution images. And if you wanted to actually go into orbit around Pluto, you’d need more rockets to lose all that velocity. So how long does it take to get to Pluto? Roughly 9-12 years. You could probably get there faster, but then you’d get less science done, and it probably wouldn’t be worth the rush.

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: How Long Does It Take to Get to Pluto?

How long does it take to get to Mars?

This shows an artist’s concept animation of the Perseverance cruise stage cruising to Mars. DISTANCE TRAVELED Loading. Loading. miles / km DISTANCE REMAINING Loading. Loading. miles / km The cruise phase begins after the spacecraft separates from the rocket, soon after launch.

1. The spacecraft departs Earth at a speed of about 24,600 mph (about 39,600 kph).
2. The trip to Mars will take about seven months and about 300 million miles (480 million kilometers).
3. During that journey, engineers have several opportunities to adjust the spacecraft’s flight path, to make sure its speed and direction are best for arrival at Jezero Crater on Mars.

The first tweak to the spacecraft’s flight path happens about 15 days after launch.

How long does it take to get to Saturn?

Answer: – How long it takes to travel anywhere depends on how far you want to go and how fast you move. For example, if you want to travel to the store located 10 km from your house, and you drive at 50 km/hr, it would take you 10/50 hours to get there (in other words, 1/5 of an hour or 12 minutes).

• Of course, you will take some time to accelerate up to 50 km/hr and some time to slow down so you could stop at the store, but 12 minutes is a good approximation to how long it would take.
• For space travel, distances are very large.
• So the rate at which you travel is very important.
• However, two other factors play an important role.

One is that you rarely travel in a straight line between any two destinations and the other is that if you want to stop some place (like Apollo missions to the Moon), you spend a great deal of your travel time slowing down. If you can’t slow down, you would just shoot right by your destination and keep going into deep space! For example, the Apollo spacecraft took about 3 days to travel to the Moon even though it only covered a distance of about 375,000 km and at times reached a speed of 8 km/sec.

Spacecraft destined for the outer planets such as Voyager have reached sustained speeds of around 17 kilometers/sec. To achieve this speed, they traveled in paths which allowed them to use the gravitational pulls of objects in our solar system to increase their speed. It took these two spacecraft about 3 years and 2 months to reach the ringed planet of Saturn.

The nearest star (after our Sun, of course!) is Proxima Centauri at a distance of 4.2 light years, At a speed of 17 km/sec (such as what the Voyager 1 spacecraft currently has), it would take about 75,000 years to reach Proxima Centauri. This may explain why we are not planning any trips there at present! The StarChild site is a service of the High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center (HEASARC), Dr. Alan Smale (Director), within the Astrophysics Science Division (ASD) at NASA/ GSFC, StarChild Authors: The StarChild Team StarChild Graphics & Music: Acknowledgments StarChild Project Leader: Dr. Laura A. Whitlock Curator: J.D. Myers Responsible NASA Official: Phil Newman

How long does it take to get to Moon?

It takes about 3 days for a spacecraft to reach the Moon. During that time a spacecraft travels at least 240,000 miles (386,400 kilometers) which is the distance between Earth and the Moon. The specific distance depends on the specific path chosen.